Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

Which symptom is associated with a tension pneumothorax?

1. Increased lung sounds on both sides

2. Elevated blood pressure with rapid heartbeat

3. Dropping blood pressure and tracheal deviation

4. Stable heart rhythm and full expansion of lungs

The correct answer is: Dropping blood pressure and tracheal deviation

A tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped in the pleural space and exerts pressure on the structures within the thoracic cavity. This condition leads to several critical signs and symptoms, particularly as the pressure increases. One of the hallmark indicators of tension pneumothorax is tracheal deviation. In this scenario, as the pressure builds on the affected side, it pushes the trachea away from the side of the injury, leading to noticeable displacement. Additionally, the condition can result in dropping blood pressure due to impaired venous return to the heart, reducing cardiac output and leading to compromised hemodynamics. As a consequence, patients often present with signs of shock, such as hypotension. Understanding this is crucial for emergency responders to make timely decisions in managing tension pneumothorax. The other symptoms listed—such as increased lung sounds, stable heart rhythm, and full expansion of lungs—are not characteristics associated with a tension pneumothorax, as the condition severely affects lung mechanics and blood flow, resulting in the opposite symptoms.