Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What is a typical breathing pattern associated with head trauma?

1. Rapid and shallow breathing

2. Cheyne-Stokes breathing

3. Apneic breathing

4. Hyperventilation

The correct answer is: Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a pattern often observed in individuals with significant head trauma, particularly those who have incurred damage to the brainstem. This abnormal breathing pattern is characterized by a cyclical progression of periods of apnea, followed by gradually increasing and then decreasing respirations in depth and frequency. This pattern reflects disruptions in the normal autonomic control of breathing caused by increased intracranial pressure or direct injury to respiratory centers in the brain. In the context of head trauma, the presence of Cheyne-Stokes breathing may indicate a serious neurologic condition, such as increased intracranial pressure or severe brain injury, warranting immediate medical intervention. Recognizing this breathing pattern can be crucial for EMTs and other healthcare providers, as it often requires urgent assessment and treatment to stabilize the patient's airway and overall condition.