Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What is a contraindication for the administration of activated charcoal?

1. Poisoning

2. Altered mental status

3. Recent food intake

4. Presence of a pulse

The correct answer is: Altered mental status

The administration of activated charcoal is contraindicated in cases of altered mental status because patients who are not fully conscious or alert may not be able to protect their airway. This poses a significant risk of aspiration, where the charcoal can enter the lungs instead of the stomach if the patient vomits, leading to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia. In contrast, the other choices do not inherently prevent the use of activated charcoal. Poisoning is precisely the situation where activated charcoal is typically utilized to absorb and reduce the amount of toxin in the gastrointestinal tract. Recent food intake may limit the effectiveness of the activated charcoal but does not serve as a strict contraindication. The presence of a pulse indicates circulation and, while important in assessing a patient, does not directly relate to the safety of administering activated charcoal. Thus, altered mental status is the critical factor that warrants caution in the administration of this treatment.