Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What does atherosclerosis involve?

1. Reduction of cholesterol levels

2. Buildup of fat and cholesterol

3. Improved vascular function

4. Complete absence of fatty deposits

The correct answer is: Buildup of fat and cholesterol

Atherosclerosis is a condition that involves the buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls. This pathological process leads to the formation of plaques that can narrow the arteries, restricting blood flow and potentially leading to cardiovascular problems such as heart attacks or strokes. The correct answer highlights the accumulation of these materials, which is the fundamental characteristic of atherosclerosis. As this buildup progresses, it can result in inflammation and further complications in vascular function, contributing to significant health risks. The other options do not accurately represent the nature of atherosclerosis. For instance, reducing cholesterol levels is often seen as a preventative measure against the condition rather than a characteristic of it. Similarly, improved vascular function would be inconsistent with the effects of atherosclerosis, which typically deteriorates vascular health. Lastly, the complete absence of fatty deposits would not align with the definition of atherosclerosis, which is defined by their presence.