Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What condition is characterized by inflammation of the upper airway, particularly in pediatric patients?

1. Laryngitis

2. Epiglottitis

3. Bronchitis

4. Pharyngitis

The correct answer is: Epiglottitis

The condition characterized by inflammation of the upper airway, particularly in pediatric patients, is epiglottitis. This serious condition leads to swelling of the epiglottis, which can obstruct the airway and hinder normal breathing. Pediatric patients are especially at risk due to their smaller airway anatomy, making even slight inflammation more dangerous. In the case of epiglottitis, common symptoms include a high fever, sore throat, difficulty swallowing, and stridor, which is a high-pitched sound that occurs during breathing due to obstructed airflow. The urgency of this condition requires immediate medical attention to secure the airway and prevent respiratory distress. While laryngitis, bronchitis, and pharyngitis also affect parts of the respiratory system, they differ in their specific impact and patient demographics. Laryngitis primarily affects the vocal cords and is often caused by overuse or infection, but it’s not exclusive to children. Bronchitis involves inflammation of the bronchial tubes and is more common in older children and adults. Pharyngitis, or inflammation of the pharynx, can occur in both children and adults but typically does not result in the airway obstruction that characterizes epiglottitis.