Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What can be the final sign of a tension pneumothorax?

1. Rising blood pressure

2. Severe arrhythmias

3. Tracheal deviation

4. Stable vital signs

The correct answer is: Tracheal deviation

A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space and becomes trapped, leading to increased pressure in the thorax that compromises respiratory and circulatory function. One of the hallmark signs of this condition is tracheal deviation, which typically occurs away from the affected side. This happens because the increased pressure pushes the mediastinum and trachea toward the opposite side, which is a critical indicator of severe tension pneumothorax. Tracheal deviation can be observed during a physical examination or imaging, and its presence suggests an urgent need for intervention to relieve the trapped air and restore normal respiratory mechanics. This complication can rapidly deteriorate into cardiovascular collapse if left untreated, as the pressure can impact venous return to the heart and impair cardiac output. Recognizing tracheal deviation as a final sign in tension pneumothorax is essential for EMTs, as it helps to prioritize treatment in emergency situations.